You can get standalone (i.e. LED-free) ws2812b chips, and probably others, so I don’t see why this wouldn’t work. Folks with more than basic understanding of electronics might have a more refined opinion!
I think you might have luck using a WS2811 breakout board (we sell these) and some PNP transistors to switch the positive side power for the laser. I know at at least one other person that has gone that route to control laser diodes like you might find in a laser pointer.
If its a more powerful laser and these are indeed analog control signals, you might be able to filter the output to an analog signal.